Beauty (Re)discovers the Male Body by Susan Bordo Essay

Beauty (Re)discovers the Male Body by Susan Bordo - Essay Example Technology has played a vital role in the evolution of advertisements, and television, radio, print media, LED screens etc are the most readily and widely accepted sources of advertisements. The studies conducted on consumer behavioral psychology have given marketers a boost in tackling their consumers. Basic human needs and desires can be a very effective accelerator for marketing since they grab attention more easily. The primary trends in advertisements that Bordo talks about in â€Å"Beauty (Re)discovers the male body† are of clothing and fashion. These two goods have found their most successful marketing approach which is to tell the consumer what is beautiful and what is not. The advertisements of these two products have primarily changed the perception of beauty and that can be observed in the recent years. The concept of masculinity has shifted in the recent years. Once the Marlboro described masculinity as tough, rough and calm in its advertisements, now masculinity i s more associated with the white collar look. The role of genders in advertisemnts has changed in a peculiar sense. The essence has been the same. The portrayal of men and women has been for the same purpose but it has changed its mode and approach. The aim has been to provide the consumer with a unique identity and for that the consumer can be convinced of what identity he/she wants. Self image has become increasingly important over the last two decades and this self image is primarily related to the appeal their appearances produce to other people. The desire to look like someone else and the desire to have someone else is in essence the reason for the war of the sexes. The video commercial of Calvin Klein underwear X can be an ideal depiction of objectification of men. The commercial stars four male models with seemingly perfect bodies; three of them white and one black. The commercial is in black and white and the models seem to be oiled up. Each guy addresses the viewers indivi dually in his underwear. Almost all the underwear that they are wearing highlights the outline of their penises. The commercial starts with one model calling the viewers. After the first model makes his statement, the camera shifts to the next model and after he makes his statement the camera shifts to the third models and this is how the advertisement continues showing all four models addressing the viewers in a cycle. All four male models are extremely confident and blunt. They convey confidence, through an image they portray, that anyone can succumb to their sexual appeal. The models have stiff but not exactly Schwarzenegger bodies. For convenience in visualizing the advertisement, the advertisement can be broken down into parts. In the first part of the commercial each model asks the viewers if they want to see his penis. Though the word â€Å"penis† itself is censored, the audience, as is evidently intended by the advertisement’s producers, can well make it out. I n the second part the models assert that the viewers want to see their penises. They are shown to be so good at reading the minds of people from their experience that they know for sure that the viewers want to see their penises. One of the models asks the viewers to look at his face not at his crotch. In the second part of the commercial one of the models makes a bargain for showing his penis. His statement sounds like â€Å"

Use an example of your choice to discuss how corporate restructuring Essay

Use an example of your choice to discuss how corporate restructuring transformed market, productive and financial performance - Essay Example At such a point, the effectiveness of a company’s old structure (original structure) has reduced to an extent of not being able to cater for the output and the larger interests (which includes the future interests) of the company. Corporate restructuring is where a company restructures or changes one or several of its aspects. It has been defined as changes in ownership, changes in assets or even alliances in a bid to improve and increase the shareholders wealth, meet consumer demands among others (Aden, 2014). The restructuring may be in form of divisions and departments combinations, production focus laying back, asset restructuring, employee scale back among others (Arocena, Blasquez and Grifell, 2011). This work shall analyse on how corporate restructuring transformed the market, the productive and the financial performance of a named company. The named company (case study) shall be Caterpillar, a public limited company which survived a harsh economic climate, thanks to corporate restructuring. In the first part of the work, the company shall be introduced and its main competitors analysed. The market it operates on currently and on which it operated on in the early 80’s shall also be discussed. Thereafter, there shall be a discussion on how Caterpillar embraced and applied corporate restructuring and analysis on how successful this was. The main aims of restructuring include creating a decentralised approach, increasing the level of responsiveness and expanding the customer focus for matured markets. There are many businesses that have adopted corporate restructuring in order to maximize their profits and their chances of survival. Caterpillar, a public limited company is one such company that has a successful experience with the adoption of corporate restructuring (Vartan, 1987). It specialises in three operational segments which are power systems, construction

Nora And Torvalds Relationship English Literature Essay

Nora And Torvalds Relationship English Literature Essay A Dolls House is a play written by the dramatist Henrik Ibsen in three acts. Throughout the play, his effective use of minor characters such as Dr. Rank, his illness, death and relationship with the main protagonist, Nora Helmer serves a symbolic purpose towards Nora and her husbands relationship. The play is set in the 19th century which makes it out to be controversial and critical of the marriage norms of the time due to the way Ibsen portrays certain characters values and morals. Ibsen critiques the cultural norms through the play and its characters by asking more questions than answering them. As A Dolls House progresses, problems associated with obligations, values and gender roles which took place in a typical upper-middle class society of the time arise. At a first glance, Torvalds best friend, Dr. Rank comes across as one of the minor characters in the play who shows to be unconcerned with what others think of him. What shows significance in Dr. Ranks character is when he is noted for his calm and stoic acceptance towards his ill-fate, of how he is incurably diseased and is dying. This characteristic of Dr. Rank also shows to be in contrast to most of the other characters in the play such as Nora and Trovald. He also is portrayed as honest and sincere. Dr. Rank comes across as an extraneous character in as he does not further into the plot as much as Nil Krogstad and Mrs. Linde. However, he may be portrayed as a symbolic figure for many messages that Ibsen wished to illustrate throughout A Dolls House regarding the social and cultural expectations of the 19th century. Firstly, Ranks character may symbolize moral corruption within society. On the other hand, because of the many sincere and humble aspects of his character, that view upon him is highly debatable. Furthermore, although Ibsens use of Rank does not meddle with the main conflict or climax, this minor character plays a role which is also symbolic towards Nora and Torvalds marriage, which is the main aspect and focus of A Dolls House. Moreover, Ibsens use of the name Rank may be a clever technique which creates irony as his name creates contradiction towards the way his character is shown in the play as none of the other characters consider him of high thought. Dr. Ranks presence in the play also creates a contrast between the way Trovald and himself treat Nora through the way he acts towards her. Dr. Rank first appears during Nora and Mrs. Lindes conversation and there is an obvious contrast between the way he treats Nora and the way Torvald treats Nora. Ranks treatment of Nora is that of an adult, whilst Torvalds is of a child. Further into the play, it can be seen how Nora feels comfortable in Ranks presence and shares insight on personal details about herself that she would think twice before sharing with Torvald. At one point in the play, she admits to Dr. Rank: Torvald is very like being with papa. (196), which shows how Nora is completely herself around Ranks company-and how Rank treats her with dignity, something that lacks in Torvalds treatment of her. This quote also contributes to the theme of honour as she does not wish to further dishonour Torvald any more than she already has, as honour is of overwhelming importance to Torvald and it is what motivates his behaviour towards Nora in the first place. Therefore, Nora does not feel comfortable enough to share the same thoughts with her husband that she is able to share with Rank. Nora also states at one point, In the early days [Torvald] used to get quite jealous if I even mentioned people Id like back at home, so of course I gave it up. But I often talk to Dr. Rank, because, you see, he likes to hear about them (184) this shows how Dr. Rank and Noras very friendly relationship with one another also allows further understanding of Nora and Torvalds marriage as it shows the distance that lies between them. Rank is also able to help Nora in understanding her self-worth, which contributes to the theme of growth and development of her as a character as he indirectly influences her future decisions on whether or not being with Torvald is the right decision to make albeit the social pressures and expectations of society she is a part of at the time. Another significant aspect of Ranks character is he is important in revealing things about other characters as the story progresses. At one point in the play, he tells Nora, Helmers too sensitive to be able to face anything ugly-I wont have him in my sick-room (191). This shows how Rank does not trust Torvald to be there, but he trusts Nora. This also shows how Rank is well aware of how Torvald reacts to certain unfortunate situations, and it shows a paradoxical shift in the role that Nora had been portrayed in with how Torvald is being portrayed at this point in the play, because Torvald is the one who is being portrayed as a child-like character. Statements like this made by Rank about Torvald also shows how Torvald may have been the sheltered one in his marriage from Nora, which contributes to the theme of deception. Dr. Ranks progressive illness may also plays of a symbolic purpose to interpret Nora and Torvalds relationship as ceasing. At the same time, Nora faces conflict with herself and in her marriage with Torvald as she is restricted from being herself. Rank tells Nora, I shall send you my card with a black cross on it and then youll know that my disgusting end has begun, (191) which shows foreshadowing towards not only the end of Dr. Ranks life, but also towards the end of Nora and Torvalds marriage. Although Dr. Rank may be portrayed as a minor character in A Dolls House, his role as his character is crucial in terms of understanding the plot. This is because the functions that Dr. Rank performs as a character allows the play to progress and develop whilst including connections with him and other factors which allow the readers a fair view on the personalities of the characters, specifically Nora and Torvald. The most significant function of Dr. Rank in the play is when he influences Nora to evolve and grow by breaking down the pressures of society that Nora is conflicted against-this is linked to one of the main themes of A Dolls House, which is growth. Dr. Rank is not only a symbolic figure for Nora and Torvalds ceasing relationship, but his illness also symbolises the corruption of society. Towards the end of the play, when he sends the letter to Nora and Torvald, it is received at the same time as Krogstads letter. This is a clever technique used by Ibsen as it shows a connection between Dr. Ranks death and Noras ceasing relationship with Torvald, because right after the letters from Dr. Rank have been read, she lets Torvald read the letter from Krogstad which foreshadows the end of their marriage. This wraps up the entire play well as Dr. Ranks death is not only symbolic for the deterioration of society, but Ibsen uses him as a strong symbolic representation for the death of Nora and Torvalds marriage. PART 1 WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT LANGUAGE A-LITERATURE HL A: Fulfilling the requirements of the reflective statement. To what extent does the student show how their understanding of cultural and contextual elements was developed through the interactive oral? NOTE: The word limit for the reflective statement is 300-400 words. If the word limit is exceeded, 1 mark will be deducted. B: Knowledge and understanding How effectively has the student used the topic and the essay to show knowledge and understanding of the chosen work? C: Appreciation of the writers choices- To what extent does the student appreciate how the writers choices of language, structure, technique and style shape meaning? D: Organization and development How effectively have the ideas been organized, and how well are the references to the works integrated into the development of the ideas? NOTE: The word limit for the essay 1200-1500 words. If the word limit is exceeded, 2 marks will be deducted. E: Language How clear, varied and accurate is the language? How appropriate is the choice of register, style and terminology? (Register refers, in this context, to the students use of elements such as vocabulary, tone, sentence structure and terminology appropriate to the task). 0 The work does not reach a standard described by the descriptors below. 0 The work does not reach a standard described by the descriptors below. 0 The work does not reach a standard described by the descriptors below. 0 The work does not reach a standard described by the descriptors below. 0 The work does not reach a standard described by the descriptors below. 1 Reflection on the interactive oral shows superficial development of the students understanding of cultural and contextual elements. 1-2 The essay shows some knowledge but little understanding of the work used for the assignment 1-2 There is some mention, but little appreciation, of the ways in which language, structure, technique and style shape meaning. 1 There is some attempt to organize ideas, but little use of examples from the works used. 1 Language is rarely clear and appropriate; there are many errors in grammar, vocabulary and sentence construction, and little sense of register and style. 2 Reflection on the interactive oral shows some development of the students understanding of cultural and contextual elements. 3-4 The essay shows knowledge and understanding of, and some insight into, the work used for the assignment. 3-4 There is adequate appreciation of the ways in which language, structure, technique and style shape meaning. 2 Ideas are superficially organized and developed, with some integrated examples from the works used. 2 Language is sometimes clear and carefully chosen; grammar construction is fairly accurate, although errors and inconsistencies are apparent; the register and style are to some extent appropriate to the task. 3 Reflection on the interactive oral shows development of the students understanding of cultural and contextual elements. 5-6 The essay shows detailed knowledge and understanding of, and perceptive insight into, the work used for the assignment. 5-6 There is excellent appreciation of the ways in which language, structure, technique and style shape meaning. 3 Ideas are adequately organized and developed, with appropriately integrated examples from the works used. 3 Language is clear and carefully chosen, with an adequate degree of accuracy in grammar, vocabulary and sentence construction despite some lapses; register and style are mostly appropriate to the task. 4 Ideas are effectively organized and developed, with well-integrated examples from the works used. 4 Language is clear and carefully chosen, with a good degree of accuracy in grammar, vocabulary and sentence construction; register and style are consistently appropriate to the task. 5 Ideas are persuasively organized and developed, with effectively integrated examples from the works used. 5 Language is very clear, effective, carefully chosen and precise, with a high degree of accuracy in grammar, vocabulary and sentence construction; register and style are effective and appropriate to the task.

Nuestra Familia Essay -- Violence

A gang is an organized group with a recognized leader whose activities are either criminal or, at the very least, threatening to the community. (Walker, 2011) Throughout history there have been some infamous gangs that have gotten media attention and others that have gone under the radar. One of the more underground gang structures are prison gangs. The Nuestra Familia may not be in the news as much anymore compared to other gangs, but they are nothing to be taken lightly. Prison gangs have been around since the late 20th century and only seem to be getting stronger if nothing is going to be done to prevent them. Gangs in prison have members in and out of prison. One of the more popular gangs that has been gaining steam recently is the mainly Hispanic gang La Nuestra Familia. The purpose of this paper is to write about the history of the NF, the structure in which it operates, and some good preventative tactics that could prevent prison gangs from becoming stronger. Nuestra Familia (NF, Spanish for Our Family) was created in the late 1960’s at the Soledad Correction Training Facility in California. (NF 2011) Nuestra Familia was created because some of the Spanish inmates had gotten tired of the abuse handed out by the Mexican Mafia to fellow Mexicans. (Nuestra Family (2011)) Nuestra Familia was created as protection from the Mexican Mafia for young Mexican-American from rural areas. The first members of Nuestra Familia were strictly from Northern or Central California. (NF 2011) The all-out prison war between the Mexican Mafia and Nuestra Familia occurred in 1968 when Sonny Pena was stabbed to death by a member of the Mexican Mafia at San Quentin state prison. The recruitment for the two gangs split California in two. ... ...reventionservices.org/nf.asp Nuestra familia . (2001, March 15). Retrieved from http://www.gangs187.com/lanuestrafamilia.html Geniella, M. Us ca: inside pelican bay. (2009, February 05). Retrieved from http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v01/n707/a04.html Morales, G. (2007). Nuestra Familia. Retrieved from http://www.gangpreventionservices.org/nf.asp Nuestra Familia. (2005). Retrieved from http://prisonoffenders.com/nuestra_familia.html Nuestra Familia. (2011). The History Channel website. Retrieved 2:17, December 4, 2011, from http://www.history.com/shows/gangland/articles/nuestra-familia. The History Channel. (Producer) (2008). Blood in, blood out [Television series episode]. In Gangland. New York: History. Retrieved from Reynolds, J. (2008, July 1). Nuestra familia: Our family. Retrieved from http://www.nuestrafamiliaourfamily.com/pages/glossary.html

Aim of My Life Essay

Man is born in this world to perform some noble deeds. He should have a noble aim in his life. He should sincerely try after it. This will lead him to success and he will be able to fulfill his aim. The aim of my life The aim of my life is to save the people from their physical ailments. Hence, I wish to be a doctor. My merits for my aim in life A man should consider his merits and demerits before he settles the aim of his life. I have considered both of the sides. The following points run in favor of my purpose. I have been doing quite well in Science and Mathematics. I like to attend on the patients. I like to nurse the sick persons. My father has enough money to put in a medical college. Hence, it will not be difficult for me strive after my noble aim. My work after I become a doctor After I become a doctor, I shall open a clinic in my village I shall visit the patients. I shall charge very small fee for visit because I do not like to be rich. I want only to maintain my family. I shall sell good medicines to the sick people. I shall charge them possible low price for the medicines. I shall work hard. I shall take pride in saving lives from death and disease. I shall name and fame as a good doctor. I shall earn name and fame as an honest doctor. Conclusion The aim of my life is certainly noble. With it I may not be rich. But I shall get the blessing of God

360 Degree Feedback

Abstract As today’s businesses continue to expand, workers are expected to perform well on their jobs. This is what truly happened to management who has a tendency to measure how well they are doing on their job. The job done in a certain period of time is frequently evaluated by performance appraisal. Performance appraisals lead to enhancing employee’s performance, internal communication (relationship), and quality improvements as well. Some experts argue that formal performance appraisal is somewhat useless and many of them contemplate performance appraisals can be detrimental to quality improvement and convey some negative perceptions to the management (David Law, 2007). Albeit many professionals pointed out disadvantages associated with using performance appraisal, I contemplate that its benefits outweigh drawbacks. As such, a 360-degree feedback is one of the numerous examples of performance evaluation methods. Performance appraisals can be used to measure one’s job performance with feedback from subordinates, peers, and managers in the organization, so that everyone in the particular organization knows what and where he or she needs to improve. In addition, well-scheduled 360-degree feedbacks lead to positive changes in worker’s job satisfaction and enhance the company’s effort to attain its own interest. The stable encouragement of the effects of performance appraisal has a variety of short-term and long-term consequences including improved job performance, harmonious interpersonal relationships (superiors and subordinates), and as well as advanced quality management (continuous improvement) within organizations. History The 360-degree feedback was initially used by the U. S. Armed Forces to support development of its staff in the 1940’s. Later on Clark Wilson from the University of Bridgeport (Connecticut) developed the first 360-degree feedback survey instruments for management development and it has been used and studied since 1973 (www. erformanceprograms. com). Valuable factors A 360-degree feedback offers a variety of remarkably potential benefits. According to Stephane Brutus et al. (2006), all of the following benefits have been applied to six different countries in distinct functions, such as: accounting, finance, manufacturing, and many other primary departments. â⠂¬ ¢Individuals get a broader perspective of how they are perceived by others than previously possible. It indicates that awareness of and relevance of competencies in workers’ psyche will continue to increase over time. At this point, management should be aware that they too have development needs that are crucial for the whole organization. Once this step has been applied, employees would next give more reliable feedback to managers about their performance. I believe this method could be seen as a win-win situation which is beneficial for both workers and management. †¢Encouraging more open feedback — new insights. It indicates that reinforcing the desired competencies of the business requires a clearer picture to senior management of individual’s real worth. A 360-degree feedback clarifies the employee’s critical performance aspects because open feedback gives people a more rounded view of performance than they had previously. †¢Identifying key development areas for the individual, a department and the organization as a whole. Individuals’ strengths can be used to the best advantage of the business. A rounded view of the individual’s/ team’s/ organization’s performance determines appropriately strengths and weaknesses in business environment. Therefore, the self-awareness of managers will have personally impact upon subordinates. †¢Supporting a climate of continuous improvement. Starting to improve the climate/ morale will be measured through the survey. Management should focus on agenda and discuss for development based upon the collected 360-degree feedback. Goals and objectives of 360-degree feedback Applying 360-feedback requires that both recipients and reviewers are involved in confidential feedback. The negative effect of transparent feedback can negatively affected by emotions and peer conflicts. This issue can lead to impaired job performance and adverse interpersonal relationship among the employees. Patricia Angelucci (2000) states the desired objectives of a 360-degree feedback are increasing professional accountability, motivating staff, and increasing employee morale and satisfaction (Angelucci, 2000). Importantly, she claims that 360-degree appraisal given to employees provides for constructive feedback and employee recognition by objectively measuring performance, and gives the employee the responsibility to contribute information (Patricia Angelucci, 2000). It is clear that using 360-degree feedback can necessarily improve labors’ job performance as long the evaluations are delivered honestly, openly, and objectively to the targets in every aspect of management including superiors and subordinates. Process of 360-feedback Robert Garbett et al. (2007) suggest several recommendations to optimize the usefulness of the process in preparing 360-degree feedback: 1. Thorough preparation. It is remarkably crucial to all members involved about the purpose and criteria used to identify role set members. Preparation indicates key to achieve successfulness in implementing 360-degree appraisal. 2. Suitability. Methods used in gathering information need to reflect what is convenient and appropriate to the colleagues one is working with. 3. Anonymity. Anonymity and openness were found to be useful. Open approaches offer more detailed information for the development of expertise and workforce effectiveness. Further, Garbett et al. (2007) add that the characteristic useful to ensure quality on 360-degree feedbacks is self-assessment based on critical reflection using an evidence-based framework of field expertise (Garbett, 2007). This method will prevent employees from mistakenly giving feedback to coworkers, and it should be based on observation of practice and experience in the past. The implementation of 360-degree feedback has been widely used across the globe since its benefits to the every sector of management. Metcalfe (1998) and Swain et al (2004) says, â€Å"The concept of 360-degree feedback has been extensively used, examined, and adapted in business and increasingly in healthcare as a developmental tool† (As cited in Garbett et al. , 2007, p. 343). Ten steps to conducting 360-degree feedback Chris Pearce (2007) suggests there are ten steps to help companies conduct 360-degree appraisal: ? Preparing for appraisal interviews. This step includes agreed performance objectives and reviews that have been applied at any given times. ?Planning appraisals Imperative interviews held by the management have to be relaxed and solemn will be covered on this step. ?Conducting appraisals The third step involves placing situation of the prolific substitutes thoughts, demonstrating the ability of comfort and prevention due to interruptions during the interview, and pioneering the basic regulation for appraisals and the concerns by appraisees. Reviewing achievements Next, this step explains about assessing appraisees’ accomplishment and detecting where the appraisees’ position. ?Sharing views on progress Offering responses on appraisees’ accomplishment, ensuring appraisees’ aggrement on the responses, and creating the improvement if needed are covered on this st ep. ?Considering ratings This step is concerned with contributing the appraisees’ beliefs by rating the conclusions before the last result comes up. ?Plans for improvement Expanding and accentuating the further progression of the failings must be applied in the conformity and conversation should be involved in this step. ?Dealing with development plans This step deals with sincerity and factuality that must be concerned with the appraisees’ objectives and profession ambition. ?Agreeing new objectives With regards to SMART which stands for specific, measurable, appropriate, realistic, and timed, appraisses’ goals and time spent should be involved in this step. Asking for feedback In the last step, questioning about appraisees’ responses to them, abridging the essential points of evaluation, and ending with conclusion should be applied for the last action. Discussion Every country has been fascinated with Japanese industry for decades and it became recognized as the world’s most competitive nation in the 1970s and 1980s. Nowadays, many small and big companies all over the world attempt to apply the Japanese system to their sys tem in every aspect of management. Several experts explain why Japan can compete well to attract its target market albeit the rivalry among the competing sellers is high in the country. It is simply a distinctive approach to Japanese management has brought remarkable impact in today’s practices such as total quality and continuous improvement (Porter, Takeuchi, & Sakakibara, 2000). With regards to improvement initiatives, Pryor, White, and Toombs (1998) point out that performance appraisal is one of the strategic quality management tools which use continuous improvement as a strategic weapon (http://www. 12manage. com). In addition, Bracken and Timmreck (1999) also agree that performance evaluations are essential for developing managerial behaviors in every level that provide data in its strategic efforts when they say, â€Å"As results of 360-degree feedback are used in conjunction with HR systems, such as staffing, succession planning, compensation, performance management and even, in some cases, downsizing† (As cited in Treena L. Gillespie, 2005, p. 363). In establishing 360-degree feedback, I contemplate there is another aspect affects people’s judgment relating to leaving feedbacks to coworkers. Coaching is one of the critical components of stimulating interpersonal relationship in conjunction with feedback results. Wright states, â€Å"The coaching component in management is a two way street. There needs to be open communication in order for successful coaching to take place† (Robert F. Wright, 2000). As such, I would like to emphasize that two-way interaction between subordinates and superiors is required in order to affect feedbacks and indeed, better feedbacks will generate better relationship. This component could cover poor communication problem which can lead to unpleasant feedbacks to employees within an organization. Nowadays, big companies such as British Airways, AT&T, Alberto Culver North America, and General Electric are increasingly using 360-degree feedback (Huet-Cox, Nielsen, & Sundstrom, 1999). According to Evans (2001), using 360-degree feedback can potentially provide a fuller, more realistic picture of the employee’s overall performance since every employee receives performance feedback from four sources: the supervisors, subordinates, peers and coworkers, and self-ratings (Evans, 2001). Effective appraisals usually lead to better performances from appraisees, and feedabcks should be jointly solving problems as long appraisees always focus on the future not the past. Several characteristics of 360-degree feedback at firms may have considerable advantages of implementing TQM, and â€Å"One survey showed that more than 20 percent of firms are tying 360-degree appraisal directly to their Total Quality Management efforts† (Laabs, 1994, p. 17). Applying the 360-degree feedback compliments the implementation of TQM in businesses since it has faster communication line (superiors to subordinates) and uncomplicated system that meets customer needs and expectations. Glover (1993) argues that there is a five-stage implementation framework that could be applied in enterprises: awareness, education, structural change, necessary activities, and outcomes or expected improvements (as cited in Yusof & Aspinwall, 2000, p. 281). Appropriate design of the 360-degree feedback will absolutely provide a strong basis for the path to successful TQM implementation. A systematic procedure such as ISO 9000 is the first-most effective way that can solve the quality problems in many businesses. Take for instance, the 360-degree feedback is used to measure the effectiveness of Just In Time (JIT) inventory system in plant department within company. Consequently, an integrated JIT inventory model generated through 360-degree system can minimize the sum of the ordering/ setup cost, holding cost, quality improvement, and crashing costs (Yang & Pan, 2004). Once those procedures have been established, the next step is to plan for improvement. If the need for change is highly needed, some methods suggested by Asher (1992) could encourage the renovation process of the implementation: investigating cost of quality, conducting customer perception surveys, collecting data on employees’ perceptions, and establishing system and procedure (as cited in Yusof & Aspinwall, 2000, p. 289). This type of approach in context of management will escalate the job performance as it will result in improved productivity in workers. I agree with Wright’s (2000) standpoint saying that 360-degree feedback can be seen as result-oriented concerned with focusing on the goals rather than the process (Robert F. Wright, 2000). More importantly, such a evaluation should lead the employees to work together attaining the company’s goals, as Wright (2000) says, â€Å"It is critical for a good manager to be more concerned with the results and less with the process of how those are achieved† (Robert F. Wright, 2000, p. 363). As long as the process is performed well, managers should be more concerned about the results not necessarily the technique. With regards to labors’ skills, through evaluations management should encourage its workers give feedback about what needs to change and where to change, as Loup and Koller says,† Listening and speaking from the heart about what people think, feel, and believe about the change will keep the change process moving forward† (Loup & Koller, 2005, p. 77). As we can conclude, utilizing well-scheduled 360-degree feedbacks as a performance appraisal is the management’s responsibilities for introducing, applying, and maintaining the practice punctually once it has started. Some companies consider a 360-degree feedback and other appraisals are attributable to adverse quality, and ironically the process in implementing those techniques seem to be time-consuming and convey some negative perceptions to the management. Management should contemplate that the company’s goals will not be successfully attained if employees do not notice whether or not they are performing well on their job as Senge (1990) concludes that yet the primary threats to our survival today come not from events but from slow gradual processes to which we are 90 percent blind (Peter M. Senge, 1990). In conclusion, all the suggestions by experts above regarding quality improvements mostly explain the importance of the 360-degree feedback within companies. Therefore, 360-degree assessment can assist the management on track and measure employee’s performance and leadership which could contribute to overall organization performance (Marcie Levine, 2003). Finally, if the 360-degree appraisal is not applied soon, I believe companies will experience a problem which can be looming ahead for the company itself in the years to come. References Angelucci, Patricia. 2000). Cultural diversity: health belief systems. Nursing Management Journal, 7-8. Brutus, Stephane et al. (2006). Internationalization of multi-source feedback systems: a six-country exploratory analysis of 360- degree feedback. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1888-1906. Evans, A. (2001). From every angle. Training, 38 (9), 22. Garbett, Robert. (2007). Developing a qualitative approach t o 360-degree feedback to aid understanding and development of clinical expertise. Journal of Nursing Management, 342-347. Gillespie, Treena L. (2005). Internationalizing 360-degree feedback: are subordinate ratings comparable? Journal of Business and Psychology, 361-382. hands of people to effect change. Organizational Development Journal, 23(3), 73-81. Huet-Cox, G. D. , Nielsen T. M. , & Sundstrom, E. (1999, May). Get the most from 360-degree feedback: put it on the internet. HR Magazine, 92-103. Laabs, J. J. (1994). TQM Efforts to Rewards. Personnel Journal, 17. Law, David R. (2007). Appraising performance appraisals: a critical look at an external control management technique. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 35-47. Levine, Marcie. (2003). 3600 assessments-where do I start? Survey Connect Inc, 1-4. Loup, R. , & Koller, R. (2005). The road to commitment: Capturing the head, hearts and Pearce, Chris. (2007). Ten steps to conducting appraisals. Nursing Management Journal, 21. Porter, Michael E. , Takeuchi, Hirotaka & Sakakibara, Mariko. (2000). Can Japan compete? Cambridge: Perseus Publishing. Pryor, Mildred G. , White, J. Chris & Toombs, Leslie A. (1998). Strategic Quality Management. Thomson Learning. Senge, Peter M. (1990). The fifth discipline: The art & practice of the learning organization (1st ed. . New York: Doubleday. Wright, Robert F. (2000). Strategies for avoiding the micro management trap. Journal of Management Decision, 362-364. Yang, Jin-Shan, & Pan, Jason Chao-Hsien. (2004). Just-in-time purchasing: an integrated inventory model involving deterministic variable lead time and quality improvement investment. International Journal of Production Research, 853-863. Yusof, Sha’ri M ohd & Aspinwall, Elaine. (2000). Total quality management implementation frameworks: comparison and review. Journal of Total Quality Management, 281-294. www. 12manage. com www. performanceprograms. com 360 Degree Feedback Abstract As today’s businesses continue to expand, workers are expected to perform well on their jobs. This is what truly happened to management who has a tendency to measure how well they are doing on their job. The job done in a certain period of time is frequently evaluated by performance appraisal. Performance appraisals lead to enhancing employee’s performance, internal communication (relationship), and quality improvements as well. Some experts argue that formal performance appraisal is somewhat useless and many of them contemplate performance appraisals can be detrimental to quality improvement and convey some negative perceptions to the management (David Law, 2007). Albeit many professionals pointed out disadvantages associated with using performance appraisal, I contemplate that its benefits outweigh drawbacks. As such, a 360-degree feedback is one of the numerous examples of performance evaluation methods. Performance appraisals can be used to measure one’s job performance with feedback from subordinates, peers, and managers in the organization, so that everyone in the particular organization knows what and where he or she needs to improve. In addition, well-scheduled 360-degree feedbacks lead to positive changes in worker’s job satisfaction and enhance the company’s effort to attain its own interest. The stable encouragement of the effects of performance appraisal has a variety of short-term and long-term consequences including improved job performance, harmonious interpersonal relationships (superiors and subordinates), and as well as advanced quality management (continuous improvement) within organizations. History The 360-degree feedback was initially used by the U. S. Armed Forces to support development of its staff in the 1940’s. Later on Clark Wilson from the University of Bridgeport (Connecticut) developed the first 360-degree feedback survey instruments for management development and it has been used and studied since 1973 (www. erformanceprograms. com). Valuable factors A 360-degree feedback offers a variety of remarkably potential benefits. According to Stephane Brutus et al. (2006), all of the following benefits have been applied to six different countries in distinct functions, such as: accounting, finance, manufacturing, and many other primary departments. â⠂¬ ¢Individuals get a broader perspective of how they are perceived by others than previously possible. It indicates that awareness of and relevance of competencies in workers’ psyche will continue to increase over time. At this point, management should be aware that they too have development needs that are crucial for the whole organization. Once this step has been applied, employees would next give more reliable feedback to managers about their performance. I believe this method could be seen as a win-win situation which is beneficial for both workers and management. †¢Encouraging more open feedback — new insights. It indicates that reinforcing the desired competencies of the business requires a clearer picture to senior management of individual’s real worth. A 360-degree feedback clarifies the employee’s critical performance aspects because open feedback gives people a more rounded view of performance than they had previously. †¢Identifying key development areas for the individual, a department and the organization as a whole. Individuals’ strengths can be used to the best advantage of the business. A rounded view of the individual’s/ team’s/ organization’s performance determines appropriately strengths and weaknesses in business environment. Therefore, the self-awareness of managers will have personally impact upon subordinates. †¢Supporting a climate of continuous improvement. Starting to improve the climate/ morale will be measured through the survey. Management should focus on agenda and discuss for development based upon the collected 360-degree feedback. Goals and objectives of 360-degree feedback Applying 360-feedback requires that both recipients and reviewers are involved in confidential feedback. The negative effect of transparent feedback can negatively affected by emotions and peer conflicts. This issue can lead to impaired job performance and adverse interpersonal relationship among the employees. Patricia Angelucci (2000) states the desired objectives of a 360-degree feedback are increasing professional accountability, motivating staff, and increasing employee morale and satisfaction (Angelucci, 2000). Importantly, she claims that 360-degree appraisal given to employees provides for constructive feedback and employee recognition by objectively measuring performance, and gives the employee the responsibility to contribute information (Patricia Angelucci, 2000). It is clear that using 360-degree feedback can necessarily improve labors’ job performance as long the evaluations are delivered honestly, openly, and objectively to the targets in every aspect of management including superiors and subordinates. Process of 360-feedback Robert Garbett et al. (2007) suggest several recommendations to optimize the usefulness of the process in preparing 360-degree feedback: 1. Thorough preparation. It is remarkably crucial to all members involved about the purpose and criteria used to identify role set members. Preparation indicates key to achieve successfulness in implementing 360-degree appraisal. 2. Suitability. Methods used in gathering information need to reflect what is convenient and appropriate to the colleagues one is working with. 3. Anonymity. Anonymity and openness were found to be useful. Open approaches offer more detailed information for the development of expertise and workforce effectiveness. Further, Garbett et al. (2007) add that the characteristic useful to ensure quality on 360-degree feedbacks is self-assessment based on critical reflection using an evidence-based framework of field expertise (Garbett, 2007). This method will prevent employees from mistakenly giving feedback to coworkers, and it should be based on observation of practice and experience in the past. The implementation of 360-degree feedback has been widely used across the globe since its benefits to the every sector of management. Metcalfe (1998) and Swain et al (2004) says, â€Å"The concept of 360-degree feedback has been extensively used, examined, and adapted in business and increasingly in healthcare as a developmental tool† (As cited in Garbett et al. , 2007, p. 343). Ten steps to conducting 360-degree feedback Chris Pearce (2007) suggests there are ten steps to help companies conduct 360-degree appraisal: ? Preparing for appraisal interviews. This step includes agreed performance objectives and reviews that have been applied at any given times. ?Planning appraisals Imperative interviews held by the management have to be relaxed and solemn will be covered on this step. ?Conducting appraisals The third step involves placing situation of the prolific substitutes thoughts, demonstrating the ability of comfort and prevention due to interruptions during the interview, and pioneering the basic regulation for appraisals and the concerns by appraisees. Reviewing achievements Next, this step explains about assessing appraisees’ accomplishment and detecting where the appraisees’ position. ?Sharing views on progress Offering responses on appraisees’ accomplishment, ensuring appraisees’ aggrement on the responses, and creating the improvement if needed are covered on this st ep. ?Considering ratings This step is concerned with contributing the appraisees’ beliefs by rating the conclusions before the last result comes up. ?Plans for improvement Expanding and accentuating the further progression of the failings must be applied in the conformity and conversation should be involved in this step. ?Dealing with development plans This step deals with sincerity and factuality that must be concerned with the appraisees’ objectives and profession ambition. ?Agreeing new objectives With regards to SMART which stands for specific, measurable, appropriate, realistic, and timed, appraisses’ goals and time spent should be involved in this step. Asking for feedback In the last step, questioning about appraisees’ responses to them, abridging the essential points of evaluation, and ending with conclusion should be applied for the last action. Discussion Every country has been fascinated with Japanese industry for decades and it became recognized as the world’s most competitive nation in the 1970s and 1980s. Nowadays, many small and big companies all over the world attempt to apply the Japanese system to their sys tem in every aspect of management. Several experts explain why Japan can compete well to attract its target market albeit the rivalry among the competing sellers is high in the country. It is simply a distinctive approach to Japanese management has brought remarkable impact in today’s practices such as total quality and continuous improvement (Porter, Takeuchi, & Sakakibara, 2000). With regards to improvement initiatives, Pryor, White, and Toombs (1998) point out that performance appraisal is one of the strategic quality management tools which use continuous improvement as a strategic weapon (http://www. 12manage. com). In addition, Bracken and Timmreck (1999) also agree that performance evaluations are essential for developing managerial behaviors in every level that provide data in its strategic efforts when they say, â€Å"As results of 360-degree feedback are used in conjunction with HR systems, such as staffing, succession planning, compensation, performance management and even, in some cases, downsizing† (As cited in Treena L. Gillespie, 2005, p. 363). In establishing 360-degree feedback, I contemplate there is another aspect affects people’s judgment relating to leaving feedbacks to coworkers. Coaching is one of the critical components of stimulating interpersonal relationship in conjunction with feedback results. Wright states, â€Å"The coaching component in management is a two way street. There needs to be open communication in order for successful coaching to take place† (Robert F. Wright, 2000). As such, I would like to emphasize that two-way interaction between subordinates and superiors is required in order to affect feedbacks and indeed, better feedbacks will generate better relationship. This component could cover poor communication problem which can lead to unpleasant feedbacks to employees within an organization. Nowadays, big companies such as British Airways, AT&T, Alberto Culver North America, and General Electric are increasingly using 360-degree feedback (Huet-Cox, Nielsen, & Sundstrom, 1999). According to Evans (2001), using 360-degree feedback can potentially provide a fuller, more realistic picture of the employee’s overall performance since every employee receives performance feedback from four sources: the supervisors, subordinates, peers and coworkers, and self-ratings (Evans, 2001). Effective appraisals usually lead to better performances from appraisees, and feedabcks should be jointly solving problems as long appraisees always focus on the future not the past. Several characteristics of 360-degree feedback at firms may have considerable advantages of implementing TQM, and â€Å"One survey showed that more than 20 percent of firms are tying 360-degree appraisal directly to their Total Quality Management efforts† (Laabs, 1994, p. 17). Applying the 360-degree feedback compliments the implementation of TQM in businesses since it has faster communication line (superiors to subordinates) and uncomplicated system that meets customer needs and expectations. Glover (1993) argues that there is a five-stage implementation framework that could be applied in enterprises: awareness, education, structural change, necessary activities, and outcomes or expected improvements (as cited in Yusof & Aspinwall, 2000, p. 281). Appropriate design of the 360-degree feedback will absolutely provide a strong basis for the path to successful TQM implementation. A systematic procedure such as ISO 9000 is the first-most effective way that can solve the quality problems in many businesses. Take for instance, the 360-degree feedback is used to measure the effectiveness of Just In Time (JIT) inventory system in plant department within company. Consequently, an integrated JIT inventory model generated through 360-degree system can minimize the sum of the ordering/ setup cost, holding cost, quality improvement, and crashing costs (Yang & Pan, 2004). Once those procedures have been established, the next step is to plan for improvement. If the need for change is highly needed, some methods suggested by Asher (1992) could encourage the renovation process of the implementation: investigating cost of quality, conducting customer perception surveys, collecting data on employees’ perceptions, and establishing system and procedure (as cited in Yusof & Aspinwall, 2000, p. 289). This type of approach in context of management will escalate the job performance as it will result in improved productivity in workers. I agree with Wright’s (2000) standpoint saying that 360-degree feedback can be seen as result-oriented concerned with focusing on the goals rather than the process (Robert F. Wright, 2000). More importantly, such a evaluation should lead the employees to work together attaining the company’s goals, as Wright (2000) says, â€Å"It is critical for a good manager to be more concerned with the results and less with the process of how those are achieved† (Robert F. Wright, 2000, p. 363). As long as the process is performed well, managers should be more concerned about the results not necessarily the technique. With regards to labors’ skills, through evaluations management should encourage its workers give feedback about what needs to change and where to change, as Loup and Koller says,† Listening and speaking from the heart about what people think, feel, and believe about the change will keep the change process moving forward† (Loup & Koller, 2005, p. 77). As we can conclude, utilizing well-scheduled 360-degree feedbacks as a performance appraisal is the management’s responsibilities for introducing, applying, and maintaining the practice punctually once it has started. Some companies consider a 360-degree feedback and other appraisals are attributable to adverse quality, and ironically the process in implementing those techniques seem to be time-consuming and convey some negative perceptions to the management. Management should contemplate that the company’s goals will not be successfully attained if employees do not notice whether or not they are performing well on their job as Senge (1990) concludes that yet the primary threats to our survival today come not from events but from slow gradual processes to which we are 90 percent blind (Peter M. Senge, 1990). In conclusion, all the suggestions by experts above regarding quality improvements mostly explain the importance of the 360-degree feedback within companies. Therefore, 360-degree assessment can assist the management on track and measure employee’s performance and leadership which could contribute to overall organization performance (Marcie Levine, 2003). Finally, if the 360-degree appraisal is not applied soon, I believe companies will experience a problem which can be looming ahead for the company itself in the years to come. References Angelucci, Patricia. 2000). Cultural diversity: health belief systems. Nursing Management Journal, 7-8. Brutus, Stephane et al. (2006). Internationalization of multi-source feedback systems: a six-country exploratory analysis of 360- degree feedback. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1888-1906. Evans, A. (2001). From every angle. Training, 38 (9), 22. Garbett, Robert. (2007). Developing a qualitative approach t o 360-degree feedback to aid understanding and development of clinical expertise. Journal of Nursing Management, 342-347. Gillespie, Treena L. (2005). Internationalizing 360-degree feedback: are subordinate ratings comparable? Journal of Business and Psychology, 361-382. hands of people to effect change. Organizational Development Journal, 23(3), 73-81. Huet-Cox, G. D. , Nielsen T. M. , & Sundstrom, E. (1999, May). Get the most from 360-degree feedback: put it on the internet. HR Magazine, 92-103. Laabs, J. J. (1994). TQM Efforts to Rewards. Personnel Journal, 17. Law, David R. (2007). Appraising performance appraisals: a critical look at an external control management technique. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 35-47. Levine, Marcie. (2003). 3600 assessments-where do I start? Survey Connect Inc, 1-4. Loup, R. , & Koller, R. (2005). The road to commitment: Capturing the head, hearts and Pearce, Chris. (2007). Ten steps to conducting appraisals. Nursing Management Journal, 21. Porter, Michael E. , Takeuchi, Hirotaka & Sakakibara, Mariko. (2000). Can Japan compete? Cambridge: Perseus Publishing. Pryor, Mildred G. , White, J. Chris & Toombs, Leslie A. (1998). Strategic Quality Management. Thomson Learning. Senge, Peter M. (1990). The fifth discipline: The art & practice of the learning organization (1st ed. . New York: Doubleday. Wright, Robert F. (2000). Strategies for avoiding the micro management trap. Journal of Management Decision, 362-364. Yang, Jin-Shan, & Pan, Jason Chao-Hsien. (2004). Just-in-time purchasing: an integrated inventory model involving deterministic variable lead time and quality improvement investment. International Journal of Production Research, 853-863. Yusof, Sha’ri M ohd & Aspinwall, Elaine. (2000). Total quality management implementation frameworks: comparison and review. Journal of Total Quality Management, 281-294. www. 12manage. com www. performanceprograms. com

journalism essays

journalism essays Since 1968 America has been better enlightened than previously concerning current events and happenings around the world. A considerable factor for this occurrence is the television program 60 Minutes which debuted on the air in September of 1968. Many other television newsmagazines have been produced since its creation, however none have possessed the longevity nor the influence of 60 Minutes. In fact, 60 Minutes, which is owned by CBS News, was the first regular network news program to cover actual stories as opposed to topics. Today, similar newsmagazines can be seen every night of the week on various stations, all of which were sparked by the inception of 60 Minutes. All of the tabloid television programs being shown today are also a result of 60 Minutes and its bold, gutsy, "gotcha" style of television journalism. 60 Minutes changed the way that the American public receives its television news, stemming forth a whole new format of television broadcast journalism. 60 Minutes has a vast history of stories covered, yet the format has remained unchanged. Don Hewett, creator and producer of 60 Minutes, has been the subject of much criticism for his stubbornness. Since its origin, 60 Minutes has continued to adhere to the same formula that made it such a success. The hidden-camera interviews, the surprising of unsuspecting alleged crooks with a bombardment of questions, the longevity of the featured reporters, all of these are what made 60 Minutes a successfinishing in the top 10 Nielson ratings for 17 consecutive seasons and counting. Other than the fact that it changed from black- and-white to color with the new technology, the appearance of 60 Minutes has remained consistent. There is no reason to change a thing about such a prosperous show according to Hewitt. Not only has the format remained constant but the reporters have as well. ...

The World Is Not Enough, and Die Another Day. Essays

The World Is Not Enough, and Die Another Day. Essays The World Is Not Enough, and Die Another Day. Essay The World Is Not Enough, and Die Another Day. Essay Essay Topic: Arguable In this research project I will explore whether the James Bond movie reflects the society and time which it is constructed through its narrative structure, analysing The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day. I believe most James Bond films do reflect the worldwide society. The narrative structure of each Bond film is quite similar, but each obviously has different story lines. The similarities include the action, the stunts, the sexy women and a traditional high-speed chase. In the words of the new director Lee Tamahori Awesome sets, breathtaking stunts and a well-practised monster machine are what makes a Bond film.(1) The chase is one of the areas that I shall look at to see how action and speed help dictate the narrative pace. The chase being the ice chase from Die Another Day directed by Lee Tamahori. As well as the opening sequence and the scene in Kazakhstan of the World Is Not Enough, directed by Michael Apted. Both produced by MGM which in itself is a big institution which is well known for big budget films, just having MGM as the producing company set high expectations of the audience. These are all vital scenes, which help to dictate the narrative pace and also backup the ideology that Bond, Played by Pierce Brosnan, falls under the action/ Thriller category in terms of genre. The genre category of Bond however is not so straight forward to categorise. An action film is described as having stunts and chases, high energy, possibly with rescues, battles, fights, escapes, non stop motion, spectacular rhythm, pacing and adventurous heroes.(2) Which both The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Die have. But there are so many individual conventions that Bond films alone have, it is arguable that Bond has become a sub-genre of the action thriller genre. The most profitable film series of all time is James Bond(3). Conventions such as the Bond girls, action etc. It is also important to look at the main characters in any movie, here it is James Bond, and see how that character helps carry the narrative. We know so much about Bond already from the previous 18 films, so ther e is no need for character introduction so the storyline can commence from the beginning of the film. We know that he will get into trouble and the question in each film is how will he get out of it? The whole Bond characters could easily fit into Propps theory of character construction. He believes there are eight character roles. The villain, in reference to The World Is not Enough an example of this is Renard and Gustav Graves in Die Another Day. The villain in Propps theory is someone who opposes or 1. Lee Tamahori, Sight and Sound magazine November edition. 2. www.filmsite.org 3.Guinness world records Adam Irvine .2 actively blocks the heros quest that is shown in quantity in both Bond films. The hero who seeks something which in all Bond films is filled by the man himself, Bond. The Donor who provides an object with magical properties, in this case of Bond these are gadgets that Q offers Bond in all the Bond films. The helper who aids the hero that is Dr Jones in The World Is Not Enough and Jinx in Die Another Day. The princess which acts as the reward for the hero and the object of the villains plot in The World Is Not Enough, Electra King fills this role and Miranda Frost in Die Another Day. The princesses father whom acts to reward the hero for his effort (father figure e.g. M). The dispatcher who sends the hero on his/her quest via a message which in both cases is M. The false hero who disrupts the heros success by making false claims. Pierce Brosnan is James Bond this is because Pierce himself is British and has the aura of being a spy. As he has been Bond for several films he has been connected and established as James Bond, his clean cut looks give the sense that all spies look like this and are all well looked after. Every man wants to be him and every woman wants to be with him. Bond always wears suits this may be because of the stereotypical British man from the views of Americans and worldwide it gives a distinct connection to being British. Bond is described as an anomic hero, as Geoffrey Hurd named the category. Anomic hero meaning he works alone, foregoing typical pleasures in order to focus on his work, and instead receiving metaphorical rewards. Which are the woman he has sex with, which does represent women in a negative light, appearing weak and under a male dominant world, but they often have their own contribution later on in the film. For example in The World Is Not Enough Electra King played by So phie Marceau, appears to be weak and in need of protection by Bond however we later discover that she is the main villain and Renard is working for her. And in Die Another Day Jinx played by Halle Berry, appears initially to be independent, which indeed she is, but still needs Bond to rescue her later in the film. My point being the position of Bond woman is also important to the theme and the narrative. They have important roles but are not heroes of any description, just an aider to Bond. Within The World is Not Enough iconography is used by showing the Dome this shows that Bond is moving into the 21st century with the rest of the world it also gives the audience the thought that they have been places that Bond has Been to. In James Bond London is the only place in the UK that is used although it is only a small part of the UK it is well known and helps audience world wide establish that its being set in the UK. Toderov has discussed an equilibrium Theory- which discusses the concept of narrative being initially balanced then disrupted by conflict and then finally resolved at the end. This technique is used to capture and sustain an audience this is quite clearly illustrated in The World Is Not Enough. As I shall explain when I de-construct the opening sequence. In looking at narrative structure today compared to how it was when the first film was made in 1962 Philip C Congleton Adam Irvine .3 has much to say on the filmeras and sub- genres, all of which are relevant to narrative. The first Bond, which was made in the 1960s which Congleton called the transition era..(1) When colour and television were developing and most importantly film was mature (2) the action move was new and was very exciting to an audience, still with large budgets, with cold war threatening, there was much emphasis on making enemys Russian or Communist in decent. But today in the modern era there is a more technological focus and special effects play a huge part. There is still however things that never change included in the Bond film. Current political affairs appear to be the focal point The World Is Not Enough having important scenes and many references to the Middle East. The Bond films also deal mildly with social values and cultures, With a lot of involvement of Chinese and Japanese cultures. Particularly in Tomorrow never Dies and Die Another Day starts with Bond after an action sequence caught and being tortured during a 14-month period, before he is exchanged for the main villains henchman, Zoa. This is not the sort of narrative we expect from a Bond movie. But it is enlightening, showing poor conditions and treatment associated with various armys during recent years. But despite this setback with the opening sequence, he still manages to beat the bad guys, save the world and get the girl, which in this case is Halle Berry. She play s Jinx and after they meet in an exotic location and exchange a few sexual innuendoes, they sleep together. It isnt until he catches he catches up with her later the next morning that he realises she is a secret agent for an American government agency. This is an important factor to the narrative structure of the film because so many times before in the bond films, a woman that bond encounters seems to have an individual project connecting to the villain that makes a sort of side narrative that keeps us the audience intrigued. But Jinx isnt the only girl that Bond sleeps with, He also has sex with Miranda Frost, an MI6 agent just like Bond, that we first suspect, begin to trust and then discover that our first thoughts were correct and that she is in fact working along side the bad guy, Gustav Graves, these characters are all important to the narrative but the one main scene that I shall examine is the ice chase. I think this is the most important because it gives a sense of pace an d represents a typical Bond movie. But first though The World Is Not Enough analysis. The opening sequence begins with Bond walking down a Spanish street, looking smart and composed. This is where Toderovs theory is able to be implemented, with equilibrium being in place for about 60 seconds whilst we see Bond walking down the street then see the panning shot of the majestic Swiss bank, just to give the audience a sense of location. The next shot we see is a close up of Bonds gun having been placed on the table. This almost tells us there will be 1. Philip C Congletion, www.jamesbond.com 2. Philip C Congletion, www.jamesbond.com Adam Irvine .4 trouble and the fact that Bond carries a gun, is a connotation that he also carries disequilibrium with him. Bond then has a rather tense conversation with the arrogant Swiss banker before he uses his rigged glasses to set of a small explosion that disorientates the two henchman watching Bond, allowing him to kill one and knock out the other. The quick editing and mise-en-scene techniques such as close ups on Bond sets the pace of the movie once again. All of the action in the bank office happens in a few short seconds and dictates the narrative pace. Bond then escapes, as we know he will, rather fantastically, by jumping out of the window, attached to nothing except a blind cord. Also carrying the merchandise he was apparently sent to retrieve, none other than money. So far already many conventions of Bond have occurred and Bond is doing just what we the audience wants him to do, announcing danger. The next main scene is the one set in Kazakhstan, where Bond infiltrates a Russian sc ientists layer named Dr Arkov. As Bond is being driven down the dusty track, the explosion on the side of the road almost warns the audience that this will be a dangerous situation for Bond. He then assumes the role of a Russian scientist and cleverly fools the people around. But doesnt convincingly fool the beautiful woman that Bond encounters, Dr Christmas Jones. During their brief and cagey conversation the Doctor appears to be dominant, with her angry opinions about having to fix the problems Dr Arkov caused. Dr Arkov being the man that Bond is impersonating. Dr Jones then tries to catch Bond out by talking Russian but Bond calmly and smoothly replies in Russian also. This mild flirting between the two gives us an idea that something more serious will happen between them. The general sight of Dr Jones in her minimal clothing is one thing to keep the male audience interested at this point, and also reinforces the tradition that the Bond films have had since the beginning. The scene after a delayed shot on Dr Jones face cuts to a high angle, birds eye view of Bond descending well below ground level in a dark elevator. The tense non-diagetic sound sets the mood that this is a dangerous place, and the subdued lighting signalled once again that dark times maybe ahead for Bond. When he reaches the bottom of the lift he is confronted by a dark tunnel, with oil drums with DANGER signs virtually tell the audience that Bond will again encounter danger. Also a flashing bright neon light, which could represent the long tunnel of death on the way to heaven, but being an anomic hero that he is, he struts confidently and unfazed down the tunnel only to encounter his nemesis Renard. It is at this point that we see how Bond is represented. He is represented as the really good guy, being lit and full face in the picture and the bad guys face in darkness and shadow. He is also shown to be humane, by not shooting Renard straight away. Between them, Bonds other side to his character is shown when when Renard torments Bond. Bond then becomes agitated and starts moving and re-positioning his gun. A few minutes on when the position of dominance has shifted to Renard. Bond first instinct is to protect Dr Jones. He then exhibits the sort of charm that female audiences are looking for. After re-loading his gun he stands and gets his legendary gadget watch out and just before he fires the grappling hook he says to Dr Jones stay calm assuming she is a typical weak woman, however as we subsequently see Adam Irvine .5 she isnt. She plays a pivotal role in their escape being able to unlock the damaged electrical doors, just in time to save Bond as he Is swinging down the tunnel followed by a ball of fire from an exploding bomb. He then escapes with another spectacular stunt following Bonds unsuccessful pursuit of Renard. These mise-en-scene techniques such as the camera angles like point of view shots of the enemys plus all of the action, fast editing, gun fire, and gorgeous women keep the narrative flowing and are exactly what we the audience want to see. The scene is excellently constructed to continue the good flowing narrative structure. Particularly the fast editing. The chase is what I believe to be one of them most exciting parts to a Bond movie and in Die Another Day they dont let the audience down. It dictates narrative pace and reinforces values that we all like to believe that it would be great to have a fast car, and the fact that Bond always has, makes the audience more envious of wanting to be Bond. The ice chase begins when Bond who has secretly crept into his invisible stealth car unnoticed, but the gets discovered and shot at by Zao in his Jaguar. The product placement of these two cars signalling that they are the best and can do anything. The pursuit begins and after a few minutes they find themselves chasing each other on the frozen lake. There are a lot of close up shots on Bonds face whilst he is in the car, with a determined but concentrated look upon his face. Zao is piling the attack on Bond, firing as many weapons as he can at one time but Bonds car gadgets seem more than a match for the oncoming shelling. There is at this time lots of cuts and quick editing, with the longest shot being at the most 5 seconds. The best part of this scene is when one of the missiles fired at Bond hits quite close and turns Bond onto his roof and he is left sliding along the ice on his roof. So the legendary 007 makes his escape from this situation look quite simple he opens the sun roof and releases the passenger ejector seat and subsequently turns the car back onto its wheels, just as another missile flies under the car while it is in the process of turning. Of course these techniques of camera angles give the best view. The lighting is carefully constructed to look like one place when the scene was actually filmed in two locations. The main stunts were filmed in England because there was a danger that the ice could break if they toppled a moving car on it. The camera techniques used create great tension and grad the audiences attention. This whole high-speed chase was actually filmed with the cars moving at about 15 miles per hour and the camera recording speed slowed down. So when they resumed the film speed to normal it appeared that they travelling at around 60 miles an hour. The end of that particular scene then finishes with Bond bumping the back of Zaos car with his own and knocking Zao of coarse. He does regain control and they disappear into the distance towards the ice palace. This was perhaps the best chase in the history of Bond when it comes to mise-en-scene projection and cunning techniques. At this point I was gripped to the film and pulled into the narrative further. Adam Irvine .6 The best filming techniques that I have ever seen on screen! (Peter Francis.) It is clear that one of the main things that dictate narrative structure is narrative pace, particularly in Bond films. They are as we have discussed almost their own genre so the conventions of Bond films are unique to Bond films as they are only to be seen together in a Bond film. In analysis I can conclude that James Bond films do reflect both the society and time in which they are set. This can be dominantly found in their representation of women, reflecting the change of womens roles in society over the years that Bond has been around. When it first started women were looked at to just stay home and cook for their man, but now are seen as equal in society. Although The World is not Enough and Die Another day are set in various countries they offer a central representation of the middle east. This is because of the change in the travel industry. Now people can travel easier so James Bond producers no longer use luxurious places so people wish to visit them as they already can. Particularly using the Middle East however gives the whole audience a political look at that area, distinctly where there is conflict. This offers an audience an inside look and a view on real life conflict areas. The narrative is very important to every genre, particularly to an actio n thriller.

Understanding Expressive Roles and Task Roles

Understanding Expressive Roles and Task Roles Expressive roles and task roles, also known as instrumental roles, describe two ways of participating in social relationships. People in expressive roles tend to pay attention to how everyone is getting along, managing conflict, soothing hurt feelings, encouraging good humor, and take care of things that contribute to one’s feelings within the social group. People in task roles, on the other hand, pay more attention to achieving whatever goals are important to the social group, like earning money to provide resources for survival, for example. Sociologists believe that both roles are required for small social groups to function properly  and that each provides a form of leadership: functional and social. Parsonss Domestic Division of Labor How sociologists understand expressive roles and task roles today is rooted in Talcott Parsons development of them as concepts within his formulation of the domestic division of labor. Parsons was a mid-century American sociologist, and his theory of the domestic division of labor reflects gender role biases that proliferated at that time and that are often considered traditional, though theres scant factual evidence to back up this assumption. Parsons is known for popularizing the structural functionalist perspective within sociology, and his description of expressive and task roles fits within that framework. In his view, assuming heteronormative and patriarchally organized nuclear family unit, Parsons framed the man/husband as fulfilling  the instrumental role by working outside the home to provide the money required to support the family. The father, in this sense, is instrumental or task-oriented he accomplishes a specific task (earning money) that is required for the family unit to function. In this model, the woman/wife plays a complementary expressive role by serving as the caregiver for the family. In this role, she is responsible for the primary socialization of the children  and provides morale and cohesion for the group through emotional support and social instruction. A Broader Understanding and Application Parsons conceptualization of expressive and task roles was limited by stereotypical ideas about gender, heterosexual relationships, and unrealistic expectations for family organization and structure, however, freed of these ideological constraints, these concepts have value and are usefully applied to understanding social groups today. If you think about your own life and relationships, you can probably see that some people clearly embrace the expectations of either expressive or task roles, while others might do both. You might even notice that you and others around you seem to move between these different roles depending on where they are, what they are doing, and who they are doing it with. People can be seen to be playing these roles in all small social groups, not just families. This can be observed within friend groups, households that are not composed of family members, sports teams or clubs, and even among colleagues in a workplace setting. Regardless of the setting, one will see people of all genders playing both roles at various times. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Summary of an article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Summary of an article - Essay Example The main purpose of the article is to inform and well as generate awareness amongst the parents of the society regarding the negative effects of Disney princesses on the teenage girls of the society. The author has even authored the article to alert the policy makers regarding this prevalent issue within the society. The article has been divided into sections that focus on the issue, research, opponent’s view and refutation of the opponent’s view. The author states that a blogger named Mary Finucane noticed the impact that Disney princesses were having on her own daughter. She states that at a very early age her daughter started getting interested in looking sexy and waiting for her prince. These elements are clearly depicted in Disney serials and movies such as Hannah Montana. For this purpose she started a blog and identified that there were various other parents facing the same problem. The problem is that Finucane identified that the impact of the images of girls depicted in Disney entertainment programs are quite long-term in nature. The initial impact becomes much worse when girls start adopting a lifestyle and pursuit of a body that is unhealthy for them. The author states that the parents are not taking the matter seriously and they state that the changes in the girls are a sign of rise of feminism. The author then focuses on the various studies that have been conducted to verify whether the impact about which Finucane is so worried is actually true or not. The author states that the concern is quite valid because girls who age between 3 to 6 years old and are exposed to Disney channel are quite worried about the body weight and children who are between the age of 14 and 17 are exchanging naked pictures of them with others. The author even states that girls of very young age want to look sexy and each year they are spending around $1.6 million on thing underwear. The author states that several

Financial Statements for Harvey Norman Australia Essay

Financial Statements for Harvey Norman Australia - Essay Example Overall, Harvey Norman Australia produced profitable 2011 and 2010 business operations. A) Analysis the Company Liquidity Position: The liquidity ratios focus on the Harvey Norman Australia’s ability to pay its liabilities on time. A company is liquid if its current ratio is positive. The company’s liquidity ratio is favorable, if the quick ratio is also positive (Brigham, 2009). 1. Current Ratio. The current ratio is shows the relationship between the company’s current assets and current liabilities. A positive current ratio shows a favorable picture of the company. The current ratio is arrived at by dividing the current assets by the current liabilities (Morrell, 2007). On the other hand, a negative current ratio indicates that the company is not able to use its current assets to pay for its currently maturing liabilities on time. Table 1 shows the company’s 2011 current ratio is 1.82 times. The above computation shows that company’s 2011 current assets (1,433,227.00) is higher than the prior year’s current assets (1,254,100). Likewise, the company’s 2011 current liabilities (786,852.00) are higher than the 2010 current liabilities (669,328.00). The ratio shows that the company’s current assets are 1.82 times higher than the company’s current liabilities. ... 2. Quick Ratio. The quick ratio is shows the relationship between the company’s quick assets and current liabilities. The quick asset amount is arrived at by deducting the inventory amount from the total current asset amount. Similarly, a positive current ratio indicates a positive image of the company. The current ratio is generated by dividing the quick assets by the current liabilities (Smart, 2008). Table 2 espouses the company’s 2011 quick ratio is 6.33 times. The ratio shows that the company’s 2011 quick assets (1,291,009.00) are higher than the prior year’s quick assets (1,200,183.00). The ratio shows that the company’s quick assets are 6.33 times more than the company’s current liabilities. The company’s 2010 quick ratio (5.64) is lower than the 2011 quick ratio (6.33). Using the quick ratio financial statement analysis, the two quick ratios show the company performed financially better in 2011, when compared to 2010. The quick ratio similarly proves that the company has the available funds to defray its present liabilities. B) Activity Position: The activity ratios measure the efficiency and liquidity of Harvey Norman Australia’s management. The ratios include determining how fast the company converts cash into other assets and the other assets back into cash (Taylor, 2006). 1. Inventory Turnover Ratio. The ratio determines how fast inventory is sold. The ratio is arrived at by dividing the company’s cost of goods sold by the average inventory (Taylor, 2006). Table 3 confirms the company’s 2011 inventory turnover ratio is 11.52 times. The ratio analysis shows that the company’s 2011 cost of goods figure (1,129,517.00) is lower than the prior year’s cost of goods amount (1,344,455.00). The ratio also

International and National Relief Efforts - BHS412 Module 4 - Case Essay

International and National Relief Efforts - BHS412 Module 4 - Case - Essay Example By first establishing a consensus on the plan of action as well as ensuring that all stakeholders are working towards a common purpose it could be that the relationship would foster better communication as well as ensure more effective results. From one perspective it could be argued that when both parties operate independently, there may be both redundancies in operations as well as serious deficiencies. When time is a critical factor there needs to be strong coordination. Is there a difference between the relationship when responding to a domestic disaster relief effort as compared to an international relief effort? In principle this may not be the case however practice may be different. In international operations workers must take into consideration a number of externalities (FEMA, 2011) For example perhaps the infrastructure is not as well developed as the workers are used to. Perhaps there is a language barrier, or the local customs prevent actions that would be considered acce ptable in the home nation. Although it could be argued that relief efforts should not be hindered by cultural customs the reality is that by violating these traditions there may be very serious long term consequences. Moreover by not preparing for a language barrier there may be serious delays in getting real services running and accessible to all people.

Survey finding & conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Survey finding & conclusion - Essay Example Nonetheless, this sporting activity seems not to be popular among university student and the research was carried to determine their attitude towards the sport and how the same could be increased among the same students. The research was carried through interviews. 3.1. The Cause Taken By the Participating Student in the Research Table 1: showing the respondent per QUTCI Course Figure 1: participating students in the study in relation to the course they are taking 3.1.1. Findings From the findings as indicated in the figure 1 above, it is apparent among the 20 students who participated in the study most of them were those who registered for the diploma studies. Statistically, 14 were registered for diploma studies, 5 were registered for the foundation studies, and only one registered for EAP. 3.1.2. Conclusion Students registered for diploma has the more free time to participate in the study than students perusing other courses. Notably, rock climbing has not become a popular sportin g activity among students since the climbing sites are never around schools among other learning institutions. Additionally, of the students usually consider rock climbing as dangerous activity (Hill, 2007). Therefore, other students never wanted to participate since they might have regarded that the entire excise could have been a waste time since they knew less or virtually nothing regarding rock climbing. This statistics indicates that there are needs to promote the sport among the student even those who feel that they are too busy and committed in their studies. 3.2. Participants According to Ethnicity or Country of Origin Figure 2: showing participant per ethnicity or country of origin Table 2: showing the number of participants per country or ethnicity 3.2.1. Findings It apparent from the graph 2 and table 2 above those different students from different ethnicity perceive the different sporting activity. From the table 2 above, only China, Korea, and India showed a significant participation in the research at figure of 4 for student from china and 3 students each for Korea and India. 3.2.2. Conclusion This indicate that different students form different ethnicity or country perceive research activity in different ways. Some of the student perceives research as means of development through understanding the research question through participation. However, some students usually consider research work as a waste of time and they may convert such time into other useful activities (Hill, 2007). Additionally, different nations usually have different perception to different sporting activities. Therefore, some will tend to understand sporting activities through research especially that affect their citizens directly. For instance, student from Brazil are expected to focus match on research involving football as opposed to rock climbing and this indicates why only one student participated in the research (Kidd, Hazelrigs, and Wilderness Education Association (U .S.), 2009). The same reason may apply to other students; moreover, it is worth noting that students from certain countries never value sporting activities and that result above support their poor participation. 3.3. The Participants who have ever participated in Rock Climbing Ever Participated in Rock Climbing YES NO 3 17 Table 3: Showing the number

Research proposal Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research proposal - Dissertation Example According to Hopwood (1991) According to Hopwood (1991) â€Å"accounting can be conceived as a technical development formed by the cultures, the socio-historical situations and the institutional forms of the definite societies from which it issues.† Perera (1989, p.42-43) indicates that culture influences accounting pattern as it is a human action and only not a physical process. According to him culture as such is a commanding environmental attribute which impacts the accounting arrangement of a country. Accounting is a socio-technical activity and demands wherewithal from both human being and machine with an interface between human and machine. Although the technological aspect implicated in reporting is little reliant on culture, the human aspect is more reliant and as the two acts jointly, accounting can not be free of culture. This paper probes the kinship between culture and reporting and makes a study as to whether accounting is dependent on a country’s culture. ... Literature Review Belkaoui (1995, p.3) states that: â€Å"Culture in its real meaning influences the judgment or decision procedure involved in accounting. Culture, by its constituents, factors and proportions, prescribes the organisational construction acquiring the micro-organisational conduct and the psychoanalysis operation of individuals, in a manner which finally affects their opinion or assessment course when they are confronted with an accounting or auditing development.† Since accounting is culture dependent, it is essential to comprehend which vistas of culture determine accounting pattern and how it is affected. Doupnik and Salter (1995) suggest that the accord of how culture affects cross-national accounting variety can contribute towards the attempts made to reduce that diversity and increase comparison of accounting info collectively. Perera (1989, p.43) indicated 2 linked modes to study the ethnical squeezes on accounting patterns. The 1st implies fixing some pr ecise societal measures or ethnic elements probably to link straightaway with reporting pattern. The 2nd is to authenticate whatsoever connection between social measures and exact report exercises. By surveying Hofstede and Gray’s (1988) works, Perera (1989) extended an academic model for probing the influence of civilization on method of accounting. He debated that the method of accounting patterns and arrangements of diverse nations are determined by their ethnical measures thus regulating their method of accounting patterns. He submitted that the decisions of former works disclose a universal variety of reporting wants and exercises that are predominately understandable with relation to the internal ethnical deviations. He in addition indicated that â€Å"any exercise

Problems and Risks Exposed to the Boiler Operators Assignment

Problems and Risks Exposed to the Boiler Operators - Assignment Example The people that are mostly subjected to these risks are the physical laborers employed as boiler operators and the study is based in Brazilian industries where the use of boilers is most common than in any other nation. The operators of the boilers are exposed to a number of health risks and problems that include: pains of different intensity in the body, muscle fatigue and diseases resulting from the heavy weight and exposure to heat. Moreover, the utilizing of the boiler implies various types of accidents such as burns, injuries, fires, and explosions; additionally, there is the increase of heart rate of the operator exposed to the excessive heat which occurs due to heat exchanges between the body and the environment leading to blood in the heart. A number of factors and parameters that are considered in the article; basically, the key aspects put first in this situation included the main risks of activities in the boiler which circled around the burns, pains and other injuries, factors that lead to the increased heart rate and how they can be eliminated, influence of thermal overload in the human body, and the physical workload where the boiler operators are forced to lift heavy loads due to the lack of proper mechanization which also has adverse effects that deteriorate the health especially when one puts into consideration that this takes place in a working condition that has excessive heat. Generally, the different factors were evaluated in a boiler where a thorough study was conducted; furthermore, there were a number of instruments that were used in the study i.e. a heart rate monitor, a digital chronometer, a wet-bulb globe thermometer (WBGT), a tape measure and a digital infrared camera.  

Research proposal Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research proposal - Dissertation Example According to Hopwood (1991) According to Hopwood (1991) â€Å"accounting can be conceived as a technical development formed by the cultures, the socio-historical situations and the institutional forms of the definite societies from which it issues.† Perera (1989, p.42-43) indicates that culture influences accounting pattern as it is a human action and only not a physical process. According to him culture as such is a commanding environmental attribute which impacts the accounting arrangement of a country. Accounting is a socio-technical activity and demands wherewithal from both human being and machine with an interface between human and machine. Although the technological aspect implicated in reporting is little reliant on culture, the human aspect is more reliant and as the two acts jointly, accounting can not be free of culture. This paper probes the kinship between culture and reporting and makes a study as to whether accounting is dependent on a country’s culture. ... Literature Review Belkaoui (1995, p.3) states that: â€Å"Culture in its real meaning influences the judgment or decision procedure involved in accounting. Culture, by its constituents, factors and proportions, prescribes the organisational construction acquiring the micro-organisational conduct and the psychoanalysis operation of individuals, in a manner which finally affects their opinion or assessment course when they are confronted with an accounting or auditing development.† Since accounting is culture dependent, it is essential to comprehend which vistas of culture determine accounting pattern and how it is affected. Doupnik and Salter (1995) suggest that the accord of how culture affects cross-national accounting variety can contribute towards the attempts made to reduce that diversity and increase comparison of accounting info collectively. Perera (1989, p.43) indicated 2 linked modes to study the ethnical squeezes on accounting patterns. The 1st implies fixing some pr ecise societal measures or ethnic elements probably to link straightaway with reporting pattern. The 2nd is to authenticate whatsoever connection between social measures and exact report exercises. By surveying Hofstede and Gray’s (1988) works, Perera (1989) extended an academic model for probing the influence of civilization on method of accounting. He debated that the method of accounting patterns and arrangements of diverse nations are determined by their ethnical measures thus regulating their method of accounting patterns. He submitted that the decisions of former works disclose a universal variety of reporting wants and exercises that are predominately understandable with relation to the internal ethnical deviations. He in addition indicated that â€Å"any exercise

Sectionalism in the United States Essay Example for Free

Sectionalism in the United States Essay Cite Works Page Grimkes Appeal. Grimkes Appeal. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/abolitn/abesaegat.html. Welds American Slavery As It Is. Welds American Slavery As It Is. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/abolitn/abestwa8t.html. Primary Documents in American History. Missouri Compromise: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs Services, Library of Congress). N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Missouri.html. Mason-Dixon Line. About.com Geography. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. http://geography.about.com/od/politicalgeography/a/masondixon.htm. History Engine: Tools for Collaborative Education and Research | Episodes. History Engine: Tools for Collaborative Education and Research | Episodes. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. http://historyengine.richmond.edu/episodes/view/1445. All throughout the early 1800s the country was separated in many different areas and arguing over irritable issues. Mainly between the North and the South, they both had a lot of issues and wanted to do what they felt was best for the people. Slavery was the more significant topic than any other topics like social structures, expansion, etc. Many of these topics played a role with the diversity of the country that led to desperate measures. This was an issue that continued all throughout the mid 1800’s. Vastly, slavery was played a big factor in the division between the North and South. The country was divided into two groups, which were known as slave holders and  abolitionists. Due to the desire of the south they wanted to acquire slaves for cheap, the North didn’t feel at ease with the situation, so the two groups were separated geographically. On the other hand, the North was not any economy based off agriculture or unskilled laborers because there economy was not dependent upon slaves. The North felt that there was no need for slaves, and they didn’t see slavery as fair or dignified. The South relied on slaves as a base of production; they use them to operate large farms and large cotton plantations. Many people tried to come up with a solution to the issue of slavery with compositions and bills that lay down laws to come into agreement with both sides. What made it happen was the Missouri Compromise. This document was able to set the standards during the time. It was also able to divide the country into two different groups geographically by a system called the 36 degree 30 minute line. This bill clearly stated that no states above the proposed line shall have slavery, with exception to those already in existence. This meant that all new states being brought into the country from different directions had an opportunity to have slavery if they lay below the line. Of course, the south wasn’t behind the idea, as it allowed the northern non-slave states to outnumber the southern slave-states in the south as far as representation in the government was concerned. Additionally to the slavery controversy was the moral issue and whether or not it was inhumane, and an injustice to the Negro. I dont see how the North cared about the southern slave, because they failed to recognize slaves as people, and much less as citizens. So, that makes me wonder how could you treat another human as if they were non-human, but still complain about their enslavement by other people for the benefit of your own country. A couple of different articles that could relate to this would be the â€Å"Appeal to the women of the south and Slavery as it is. These two articles discuss slavery in its wrong doing, and reasons why it should be extinguished. Both articles see slavery from a Christianity standpoint, and did not view it as something with the bible. In Appeal to the women of the South, there are all of quotes that are used directly from the Bible citing precise examples of slavery being wrong and an abomination to this country. Pertaining to sectionalism, another degree of nation division was expansion and the issues involved with it. The nation was growing at a rapid pace with young people, and different views and ideas  of world supremacy. You could say people’s views were split down the middle into two groups; the expansionists, and the non-expansionists. These two groups were not necessarily separate geographically as the north and south pertaining to slavery, but they were divided by the Mason-Dixon Line. When people tried to all come together and support the war of 1812, they advertised with the thought of a new found land, and how our country could be so much bigger. Sadly, the people began to get in tuned with war, and boasting about the acquiring of new found land, the noticed the struggles of the war, and realizing that our country was inexperienced and weak, they people began to lose hope. It wasn’t a dying need to attain land, and the people were not ecstatic about the war of England. It would have been an honor for the people to be able to say we beat England, but they knew this wasn’t the case. More often people who fantasized these ideas were typically northerners, in standard cities, rather than small agricultural communities. Besides the North, the south had a lot of fortune coming their way if they acquired more land. Compared to the North, the south was a more rural community, so they saw land as a great need, and were very passionate about the nation’s abilities in the war. As it all comes down to it, the war was won, but land didn’t result to a win or lost. As I touch up back on my topic, internal improvement divided the country by political parties. These parties consisted of republicans and federalists. Different perspectives on both sides were mixed, and they didn’t have that many geographical divisions. Another example of this would be in the Maysville Road Article. It was about a suggestion of a road being built with federal money, which resulted in a dispute. The government suggested that the road was for the wellbeing of people, and allowed an easy route through the mountains of Kentucky. Numerous amounts of people didn’t like the idea because it’s not presented fairly to each state. There was any inconsistent amount of money being distributed to different states including non-uniform benefits. This rapidly begins to make distant of the political parties, and create a lot of unwanted tension. Concluding this dispute, the federalist came out victorious, and the road was never constructed. Even though this didn’t turn out as planned, it shows the strive and determination in our nation since its apprehension. All of the examples I used represents the issues in which played a big duty in sectionalism, and the division of the United States of  America. In conclusion, the dispute of slavery was one of the major causes of the growing sectionalism before the civil war. Countless amounts of bills and sacrifices were made to make at ease the different viewpoints of the free and slave states. All of this resulted in the increases of sectionalism in the U.S. In the end, the government wasn’t able to be not relied upon nor stiff. The inconsistent views of slaver have to fade away for sectionalism to be gone and support the country.